THOMSON SCIENCE WATCH.COM
Professor Keiichi Hiramatsu
From the Special Topic of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
http://sciencewatch.com/ana/st/mrsa/08marSTmrsaHira/

April 2007 to March 2008

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07/07/03
Michael Gilmore
Harvard Medical School
Department of Ophthalmology
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci: How commensal bacteria become hospital pathogens.

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07/11/28
Christof von Eiff
University Hospital of Muenster
Small Colony Variant

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07/12/03
Henry Chambers
San Francisco General Hospital
Community MRSA

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08/02/08
Jae-Hoon Song
Samsung Medical Center

April 2005 to March 2006

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06/02/03-06
Dawn Hill
North Bristol NHS Trust Southmead Hospital
Practical infection control

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06/01/16-19
Eric Taylor
Inverclyde Royal Hospital - Argyll & Clyde Acute Hospitals NHS Trust Greenock
1 Factors influencing the incidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) (1/16)
2 Patient preparation (1/16)
3 Antibiotic prophylaxis (1/17)
4 Rituals in the operating theatre (1/17)
5 Does minimally invasive surgery influence the incidence of SSI? (1/18)
6 Surgical wound care (1/18)
7 Audit of postoperative infection (1/19)
8 Post-discharge surveillance (1/19)

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05/10/03-06
Tyrone Pitt
Laboratory of HealthCare Associated Infection
1 Structure and functions of reference microbiological laboratories in UK (10/3)
2 Interaction of clinical and reference laboratories to improve patient management(10/3)
3 Quality control assurance in microbiological laboratories(10/4)
4 Identification and typing in the clinical and reference laboratory(10/4)
5 Introduction to bacterial typing(10/5)
6 Phenotypic typing methods(10/5)
7 Molecular typing I(10/6)
8 Molecular typing II(10/6)

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05/05/09-12
Ed Smyth
Director of Northern Ireland Healthcare-Associate Infection Surveillance Centre (HISC)
Introduction to Surveillance and HISC (5/9)
Overview of Surveillance of HCAI (5/9)
Setting-UP Surveillance (5/10)
Automated Data Entry (5/10)
SSI Surveillance (5/11)
Data Feedback (5/11)
Surveillance in the ICU (5/12)
Cost-effectiveness of Surveillance for SSI (5/12)

April 2004 to March 2005

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05/03/14-17
Hilary Humphreys
RCSI Education & Research Centre
Theatres construction and commissioning
MRSA control
Infections in ICUs
Medical device associated infections

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05/01/24-27
Peter Hawkey
West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Birmingham
Molecular typing methods
Control of tuberculosis
New use in identifying and controlling outbreaks

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04/12/13-16
Michael Emmerson
President of Hospital Infection Society, Queens Medical Centre
Perspective of Infection control
Repeated prevalence surveillance in hospitals

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04/11/15-18
Robert Spencer
Chair of Hospital Infection Society, Health Protection Agency, Bristol
Bioterrorism
Laboratory diagnostic needs for infection Control
Prevention of Central Venous catheter infections and new CVC devices

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04/11/08-11
Richard Slack
Queens Medical Centre
Outbreak recognition and control in the community
Legionnaires disease and air-borne pathogens

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04/10/18-21
Adam Fraise
Hospital Infection Research Laboratory Birmingham, City Hospital, Birmingham
Disinfection and sterilization
Endoscopy unit
Antibiotic policies and prescription control
Decontamination

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04/07/05-08
Peter Hoffman
Laboratory of Health Care Associated Infection, Health Protection Agency, London
Hospital Environment and laundry
Theatre ventilation
Isolation and ventilation
Decontamination of medical equipment
Prions (Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy)
Sterile Services Department (Functions of SSD)

¢÷

Juntendo University Infection Control Team and Nurses have been developed the pendant styled watch called "Nobich (R) I.C." that is ideal for hospital infection control.

Unlike the watches with the wrist band, Nobich does not disturb the hand wash. The clip and the watch are connected with a reel that can be extended to 55 cm. This new idea solved the problems of the classical nurse watches. You may bring the watch to be the eye level.

History of Nobich

Nobich, sounds "Nobiru", extension in Japanese or stretch in English has been developed by two nurses, Megumi Ikeda (ICN, Student of Infection Control Science) and Noriko Terunuma (nurse manager of Juntendo University Hospital).

The first model of Nobich was produced as limitation edition. However, the good reputation of Nobich was soon to be know, and the stock were all sold out. Since then, Nobich has been one of the popular products of Juntendo University Hospital, and it is often ordered from all over the country. Today, Nobich is becoming to be know by medical institutions in abroad. The order mails are arriving constantly.

How to Order Nobich

Please send E-mail to Megumi Ikeda for ordering or questions about Nobich. There are two types, one is with Juntendo logo and other is hand wash logo, and the price is 4,900JPY. You may use your original logo for over 200 order.

Order Nobich to:

¢÷¢÷

ICD Short Training Course is a six months training program.

The DICS four year graduate course has been established in 2004 and has accepted 26 students (as of February, 2008) with varieties of the academic or occupational backgrounds. However, the four-year course is difficult to attend for the clinicians who are full time on duty at the hospital. The ICD short training course has been designed for such medical doctors or nurses to master the essential knowledge and practical techniques in six months.

Aim:
With an intensive lecture series of 2 weeks and 5 months clinical training, ICD short training course provides medical personnels with a minimum requirement for infection control practice.

Admission requirements:
Physicians or nurses who are involved in hospital infection control. Fluency in Japanese is required.

Goal:
Be able to plan a programme to prevent hospital infection control.
Be able to educate hospital staffs about infection control as a member of hospital infection control team.
Be able to advise hospital staffs about the proper use of antibiotics.

Term:
6 months (extendable by attendees' request)

Requirements and grading:
- Attending the intensive lecture course is required to be enroled in the clinical training course.
- In the clinical training course, infection control training, Infectious disease consultation, clinical microbiology laboratory training are compulsory. Epidemiologic analysis, general clinical laboratory techniques, use of antibiotics are selective subjects.
Attendees are expected to submit reports. The reports is graded by instructors.

Titles:
A certificate is issued by Jutendo University proving that the applicant has finished the ICD short traning couruse.

Curriculum:
Intensive lecture course is held in the first two weeks, and attendees must pass the examination of all the subjects taught in the course before the enrolement in the clinical traning course.
Contents of the lecture course are: Infection control (12h), Infectious diseases and epidemiology (4h), Infection diagnosis (9h), Clinical microbiology (5h), Infectious disease treatment (10h).

Clinical Training:
Infection control training, Infectious disease consultation, and clinical laboratory training are held in the following 5 months.

1) Infection control training: Designing an infection control program that will be used in the attendee's institution (for examle: Creating an infection control manual, designing a surveillance of post-operative infection, designing a free influenza vaccination plan for the staffs and a way of evaluation of its effectiveness, designing a low-pressure room for the prevention of the airborne infection and its management etc).

2) Epidemiologic analysis: Design and perform his/her own project that is correlated with those projects being performed by Juntendo Infection Control Team on such topics as the hospital outbreak, prospective surveillance, and typing of clinical isolates. Presentation of the results in the Annual meetings of Infectious Disease Society or of Japanes Society for Environmental Infections.

3) Infectious disease consultation Together with infectious disease consultants, attendees visit patients by their doctors' requests. Make the treatment plan with the patients' doctors. Attendees perform Gram staining and Acid-fast staining by themselves. Submit summary at the end of the treatment or by lecturer's order. The format is follow as case report format for Internal Medicine Specialists. 15 reports are expected.

4) Clinical microbiology: A quick typing training composed of Gram staining (6h), Acid-fast staining (2h), and parasite staining (ex. malaria, 2h), is the prerequisite before the consultation training.
Attendees can take a research course by chosing a microbe isolated in the clinical laboratory and analyze its characteristics (examples: Drug resistance pattern of an MRSA isolated from the skin of a patient. Isolation of mycoplasma from the nasal cavity of a patient with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Distribution of Lactococcus from urinal tract infection).
Attendees may submit a report together with that of 'Epidemiologic analysis' study.

5) Proper use of antibiotics: Design a practical plan for the attendee's institution. (examples: Perform the surveillance on the selection of antibiotics to know how often the opinions of pharmaceutical companies and hospital pharmacists are involved in the decision. List all the problems related to use of antibiotics and find the solution. Design the report system of carbapenem use at certain wards.)

¢£National Center for Infectious Diseases
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/

¢£National Center for Biotechnology Information
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Enrezt-the GenBank Sequence Database
BLAST-NCBI's sequence similarity search tool designed to support analysis of nucleotide and protein databases.

¢£American Society for Microbiology
http://www.asm.org/

¢£Infectious Disease Surveillance Center
http://www.nih.go.jp/niid/index.html

¢£U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~MOW/intro.html

¢£Scottish MRSA Reference Laboratory
http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/smrsarl/
The web site for the Scottish MRSA Reference is now "live"!

¢£Asian-Pacific Research Foundation for Infectious Diseases
http://www.ansorp.org/
ARFID is a core infrastructure for research on infectious diseases and antimicrobial agents in the Asian-Pacific region.

21st Century Center of Excellence Program Infection Control Science invite applications from students who are qualify and enthusiastic for hospital infection control.

Confirm the department aims on this website, and contact by message form.

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Entrance examination

Early schedule
September 20, 2007
Application deadline
August 31, 2007

Late schedule
January 18, 2008
Application deadline
December 21, 2007

---
Spread of nosocomial infection, mainly by antibiotic resistant strains, are giving great impact on modern medical treatment. Controlling nosocomial infection is necessary, and specialists are strongly wanted. The practical training is based on dipHIC (diploma of Hospital Infection Control) in UK, while the basic science training is original. Since 2008, Infection Control Doctor course at Mayo Clinic (USA) become the partner with our team to power up the infectious disease education. Laboratory experiment with world top level genome science and immunology engineering also support students to become infection control scientists with the global standard.

Students will receive the degree of "Doctor of Infection Control Science: DICS", at their graduation.

Keiichi Hiramatsu

1. Ito, T., Okuma, K., Ma, X.X., Yuzawa, H., and Hiramatsu, K. 2003. Insights on Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from its Whole Genome: Genomic Island SCC. Drug Res. Updates. 6: 41-52.

2. Cui, L., Ma, X., Sato, K., Okuma, K., Tenover, F. C., Mamizuka, E. M., Gemmell, C. G., Kim, M-N., Ploy, M-C., Solh, N. E., Ferraz, V., and Hiramatsu, K. 2003. Cell Wall Thickening Is a Common Feature of Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Clin. Microbiol.41:5-14.

3. Yoshida, R., Kuwahara-Arai, Baba, T., Cui, L., Richardson, J. F., and K. Hiramatsu. 2003. Physiological and molecular analysis of a mecA-negative Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain that expresses heterogeneous methicillin resistance J Antimicrob Chemother 51:247-255.

4. Katayama, Y., Takeuchi, F., Ito, T., Ma1, X. X., Ui-Mizutani , Y., Kobayashi, I., and Hiramatsu, K. 2003. Identification in a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus hominis of an active primordial mobile genetic element for the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 185:2711-2722.

5. Isnansetyo, A., Cui, L., Hiramatsu, K., and Kamei, Y. 2003. Antibacterial activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) produced by Pseudomonas sp. AMSN isolated from a marine alga, against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents¡¡22:545-7.

6. Kuroda, M., Kuroda, H., Oshima, T., Takeuchi, F., Mori, H., and Hiramatsu, K. 2003. Two-component system VraSR positively modulates the regulation of cell-wall biosynthesis pathway in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular Microbiol. 49: 807-821.

7. Hiramatsu K, Kuroda M, Baba T, and Okuma. 2003. Application of Genomic Information to the Diagnosis, Management and Control of Bacterial Infections: The Staphylococcus aureus model Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology 2nd Ed, pp407-418, ed.by D. Persing, et al., ASM Press

8. Cui, L., and K. Hiramatsu. 2004. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. in ed, by Franz-Josef Schmitz and Dr. Ad C. Fluit. MRSA. Caister Academic Press.

9. Kuroda, M., and K. Hiramatsu. 2004. Genome sequencing and annotation: an overview in Johnson, A., and Woodford, N., ed., Genomics, Proteomics and Clinical Bacteriology. Humana Press.

10. Baba, T.,Takeuchi, F., Kuroda, M., Yuzawa, H., Ito, T., and Hiramatsu, K. 2004. The Genome of Staphylococcus aureus. pp In Al'Aladeen, D., and Hiramatsu, K (ed). The Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular and Clinical Aspects. Eliis Harwood, London, UK.

11. Hiramatsu, K. 2004. Elucidation of the mechanism of antibiotic resistance acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and determination of its whole genome nucleotide sequence. Jap Med Assoc 47(4): 153. V159.

12. Hiramatsu, K., Kuroda, M., Baba, T., and K. Okuma. 2004. Application of Genomic Information to the Diagnosis, Management and Control of Bacterial Infections: The Staphylococcus aureus model In ed.by D. Persing, et al. Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology 2nd Ed, pp407-418, ASM Press.

13. Ito T, Ma XX, Takeuchi F, Okuma K, Yuzawa H, Hiramatsu K. 2004. Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Jul;48(7):2637-51.

14. Wang JL, Tseng SP, Hsueh PR, Hiramatsu K. 2004. Vancomycin heteroresistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. Sep;10(9):1702-4.

15. Song JH, Hiramatsu K, Suh JY, Ko KS, Ito T, Kapi M, Kiem S, Kim YS, Oh WS, Peck KR, Lee NY. 2004. Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens Study Group. Emergence in Asian countries of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Dec;48(12):4926-8.

16. Hiramatsu K, Cui L, Kuwahara-Arai K. 2004. Has vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus started going it alone? Lancet. Aug 14;364(9434):565-6.

17. Nagaoka I, Kuwahara-Arai K, Tamura H, Hiramatsu K, Hirata M. 2005. Augmentation of the bactericidal activities of human cathelicidin CAP18/LL-37-derived antimicrobial peptides by amino acid substitutions. Inflamm Res. Feb;54(2):66-73.

18. Sng LH, Koh TH, Wang GC, Hsu LY, Kapi M, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Heterogeneous vancomy cin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (hetero-VISA) in Singapore. Int J Antimicrob Agents. Feb;25(2):177-9.

19. Watanabe S, Ito T, Takeuchi F, Endo M, Okuno E, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Structural comparison of ten serotypes of staphylocoagulases in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol Jun;187(11):3698-707.

20. Ma XX, Galiana A, Pedreira W, Mowszowicz M, Christophersen I, Machiavello S, Lope L, Benaderet S, Buela F, Vincentino W, Albini M, Bertaux O, Constenla I, Bagnulo H, Llosa L, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis. 11(6):973-6.

21. Hisata K, Kuwahara-Arai K, Yamamoto M, Ito T, Nakatomi Y, Cui L, Baba T, Terasawa M, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Yamashiro Y, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Dissemination of methicillin-resistant staphylococci among healthy Japanese children. J Clin Microbiol Jul;43(7):3364-72.

22. Torun MM, Bahar H, Demirci M, Altas K, Bagdatli Y, Kocazeybek B, Kapi M, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Two heterogeneously vancomycin-intermediate clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Turkish university hospital: brief report of a surveillance study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. Dec;26(6):508-10.

23. Soo Ko K, Peck KR, Sup Oh W, Lee NY, Hiramatsu K, Song JH. 2005. Genetic differentiation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from Korea and Japan. Microb Drug Resist. Fall;11(3):279-86.

24. Cui L, Lian JQ, Neoh HM, Reyes E, Hiramatsu K. 2005. DNA microarray-based identification of genes associated with glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Aug;49(8):3404-13.

25. Ogata M, Tutumimoto Sato K, Kunikane T, Oka K, Seki M, Urano S, Hiramatsu K, Endo T. 2005. Antibacterial activity of dipropofol and related compounds. Biol Pharm Bull. Jun;28(6):1120-2.

26. Noguchi N, Suwa J, Narui K, Sasatsu M, Ito T, Hiramatsu K, Song JH. 2005. Susceptibilities to antiseptic agents and distribution of antiseptic-resistance genes qacA/B and smr of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Asia during 1998 and 1999. J Med Microbiol. Jun;54(Pt 6):557-65.

27. Takeuchi F, Watanabe S, Baba T, Yuzawa H, Ito T, Morimoto Y, Kuroda M, Cui L, Takahashi M, Ankai A, Baba S, Fukui S, Lee JC, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Whole-genome sequencing of staphylococcus haemolyticus uncovers the extreme plasticity of its genome and the evolution of human-colonizing staphylococcal species.J Bacteriol. Nov;187(21):7292-308.

28. Feng-Jui Chen, Tsai-Ling Lauderdale, I-Wen Huang, Hsiu-Jung Lo, Jui-Fen Lai, Hui-Yin Wang, Yih-Ru Shiau, Pei-Chen Chen, Teruyo Ito, and Keichii Hiramatsu. 2005. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis November 11( 5 ).

29. Ito T, Hiramatsu K. 2005. Nucleic acid-based testing for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Nippon Rinsho. Dec;63 Suppl 12:378-86.

30. Hiramatsu K, Kapi M, Tajima Y, Cui L, Trakulsomboon S, and Ito T. 2005. Advance in vancomycin-resistance research in Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance: a Tribute to Stuart B. Levy ; Editors: Alekshun M, McDermott P, and White D. Amer Society for Microbiology. Chapt 21, p289-298. August.

31. Cui L, Tominaga E, Neoh Hui-min, and Hiramatsu K. 2006. Correlation between Reduced Daptomycin Susceptibility and Vancomycin Resistance in Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother March Vol 50(3), 1079 - 1082.

32. Cui L, Iwamoto A, Lian J-Q, Neoh Hui-min, Maruyama T, Horikawa Y and Hiramatsu K. 2006. Novel Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance Originating in Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother Feb;50(2):428-38.

33. Chongtrakool P, Ito T, Ma XX, Kondo Y, Trakulsomboon S, Tiensasitorn C, Jamklang M, Chavalit T, Song JH, Hiramatsu K. 2006. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 11 Asian countries: a proposal for a new nomenclature for SCCmec elements. Antimicrob Agents Chemother Mar;50(3):1001-12.

34. Ma XX, Ito T, Chongtrakool P, Hiramatsu K. 2006. Predominance of clones carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Japanese hospitals from 1979 to 1985. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Dec;44(12):4515-27. Epub 2006 Oct 18.

35. Bae T, Baba T, Hiramatsu K, Schneewind O. 2006. Prophages of Staphylococcus aureus Newman and their contribution to virulence. Mol Microbiol. Nov;62(4):1035-47.

36. Lian JQ, Cui L, Hiramatasu K. 2006. Influence of mgrA overexpression on oxacillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus. Chin J Microbiol Immunol ; Vol.26 (7), 603-609.

37. Bakri F, Abu A, Shehabi A, Naffa R, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Persistent bacteremia due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in a patient with erythrodermic psoriasis. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(5):457-60.

38. Kondo Y, Ito T, Ma XX, Watanabe S, Kreiswirth BN, Etienne J, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Combination of multiplex PCRs for SCCmec type assignment: Rapid identification system for mec, ccr, and major differences in junkyard regions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jan;51(1):264-74.

39. Watanabe S, Ito T, Morimoto Y, Takeuchi F, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Precise excision and self-integration of a composite transposon as a model for spontaneous large-scale chromosome inversion/deletion of the Staphylococcus haemolyticus clinical strain JCSC1435. J Bacteriol. Apr;189(7):2921-5. Epub 2007 Jan 19.

40. Kuroda H, Kuroda M, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Subinhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam induce haemolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus through the SaeRS two-component system. FEMS Microbiol Lett. Mar;268(1):98-105.

41. Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. J Clin Microbiol. Apr;45(4):1118-25. Epub 2007 Jan 31.

42. Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Reclassification of phenotypically identified staphylococcus intermedius strains. J Clin Microbiol. Sep;45(9):2770-8.

43. Tajima Y, Komatsu K. Ito T. Hiramatsu K. 2007. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus strains having reduced susceptibility to vancomycin using a chemiluminescence-based drug-susceptibility test. J Microbiol Methods. 2007 Sep;70(3):434-41. Epub Jun 14.

44. Watanabe S, Ito T, Hiramats K. 2007. Susceptibilities of healthcare- and community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococci to the novel des-F(6)-quinolone DX-619. J Antimicrob Chemother. Dec;60(6):1384-7.

45. Ito T, Kuwahara K, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCC mec) analysis of MRSA. Methods Mol Biol. 2007;391:87-102.

46. Takeuchi F, Baba T, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Comparative analysis of MRSA. Methods Mol Biol. 2007;391:153-68.

47. Neoh HM, Hori S, Komatsu M, Oguri T, Takeuchi F, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2007. Impact of reduced vancomycin susceptibility on the therapeutic outcome of MRSA bloodstream infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2007 Oct 30;6:13.

48. Ichikawa S, Ishihara M, Okazaki T, Warabi K, Kato Y, Hori S, Lane GJ, Hiramatsu K, Inada E, Kobayashi H, Yamataka A. 2007. Prospective Study of Antibiotic Protocols for Managing Surgical Site Infections in Children. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jun;42(6):1002-7; discussion 1007.

49. Rashel M, Uchiyama J, Ujihara T, Uehara Y, Kuramoto S, Sugihara S, Yagyu K, Muraoka A, Sugai M, Hiramatsu K, Honke K, Matsuzaki S. 2007. Efficient elimination of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cloned lysin derived from bacteriophage phi MR11. J Infect Dis. 196(8): 1237-47.

50. Baba T, Bae T, Schneewind O, Takeuchi F, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman and comparative analysis of staphylococcal genomes: polymorphism and evolution of two major pathogenicity islands. J Bacteriol. Jan;190(1):300-10. Epub 2007 Oct 19.

51. Neoh HM, Cui L, Yuzawa H, Takeuchi F, Matsuo M, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Mutated Response Regulator graR Is Responsible for Phenotypic Conversion of Staphylococcus aureus from Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistance to Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Jan;52(1):45-53. Epub Oct 22.

52. Flahaut S, Vinogradov E, Kelley K, Brennan S, Hiramatsu K, Lee JC. 2008. Structural And Biological Characterization of a Capsular Polysaccharide Produced by Staphylococcus haemolyticus. J Bacteriol. 2008 Mar;190(5):1649-57.

53. Otsuka J, Kondoh Y, Amemiya T, Kitamura A, Ito T, Baba T, Cui L, Hiramatsu K, Tashiro T, Tashiro H. 2008. Development and validation of microarray-based assay for epidemiological study of MRSA. Molecular and Cellular Probes 2008 Feb;22(1):1-13.

54. Ma XX, Ito T, Kondo Y, Cho M, Yoshizawa Y, Kaneko J, Katai A, Higashiide M, Li S, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Two different PVL phage lineages predominate in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Oct;46(10):3246-58.

55. Berglund C, Ito T, Ikeda M, Ma XX, Söderquist B, Hiramatsu K. 2008. A novel type of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Sweden. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Oct;52(10):3512-6.

56. Shimizu K, Kikuchi K, Sasaki T, Takahashi N, Ohtsuka M, Ono Y, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Smqnr, a new chromosome-encoded quinolone resistance gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.

57. Komatsu M, Tajima Y, Ito T, Yamashiro Y, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Time-suppression test using a colorimetric probe (alamarBlue) that measures bacterial metabolic activity. Biomed Res. Jun;29(3):171-3.

58. Hoshi S, Kikuchi K, Sasaki T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Postantibiotic effects and bactericidal activities of levofloxacin and gatifloxacin at concentrations simulating those of topical ophthalmic administration against fluoroquinolone-resistant and fluoroquinolone-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Aug;52(8):2970-3.

59. Kishii K, Ito T, Watanabe S, Okuzumi K, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Recurrence of heterogeneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among the MRSA clinical isolates in a Japanese university hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother. Aug;62(2):324-8.

60. Camargo IL, Neoh HM, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Serial daptomycin selection generates daptomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains with a heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate phenotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Dec;52(12):4289-99.

61. Jamaluddin TZ, Kuwahara-Arai K, Hisata K, Terasawa M, Cui L, Baba T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Extreme genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains disseminated among healthy Japanese children. J Clin Microbiol. Nov;46(11):3778-83.

62. Kikuchi K, Sugita T, Makimura K, Urata K, Someya T, Sasaki T, Kamei K, Niimi M, Hiramatsu K, Uehara Y. 2008. Is Histoplasma capsulatum a native inhabitant of Japan? Microbiol Immunol. Sep;52(9):455-9.

63. Oishi K, Baba T, Nakatomi Y, Ito T, and Hiramatsu K. 2008. A Latex Agglutination Assay for Specific Detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin. J Microbiol Methods. Dec;75(3):411-5.

64. Watanabe Y, Neoh HM, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2008. Improved Antimicrobial Activity of Linezolid Against Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 52:4207-4208.

65. Baba T, Kuwahara-Arai K, Uchiyama I, Takeuchi F, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Complete genome sequence determination of a Macrococcus caseolyticus strain JSCS5402 reflecting the ancestral genome of the human pathogenic staphylococci. J Bacteriol. Feb;191(4):1180-90.

66. Cui L, Neoh HM, Shoji M, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Contribution of vraSR and graSR Point Mutations to Vancomycin Resistance in Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Mar;53(3):1231-4.

67. Han X, Ito T, Takeuchi F, Ma XX, Takasu M, Uehara Y, Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Identification of a novel variant of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, type II.5, and Its truncated form by insertion of putative conjugative transposon Tn6012. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jun;53(6):2616-9.

68. Ohtsuka M, Kikuchi K, Shimizu K, Takahashi N, Ono Y, Sasaki T, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Emergence of quinolone-resistant Bordetella pertussis in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jul;53(7):3147-9.

69. Katayama Y, Murakami-Kuroda H, Cui L, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Selection of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by imipenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Aug;53(8):3190-6.

70. Watanabe S, Ito T, Sasaki T, Li S, Uchiyama I, Kishii K, Kikuchi K, Skov RL, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Genetic diversity of staphylocoagulase genes (coa): insight into the evolution of variable chromosomal virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One. 2009 May 27;4(5):e5714.

71. Murakami T, Obata T, Kuwahara-Arai K, Tamura H, Hiramatsu K, Nagaoka I. 2009. Antimicrobial cathelicidin polypeptide CAP11 suppresses the production and release of septic mediators in D-galactosamine-sensitized endotoxin shock mice. Int Immunol. 2009 Aug;21(8):905-12.

72. Komatsu M, Tajima Y, Ito T, Yamashiro Y, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Use of a sensitive chemiluminescence-based assay to evaluate the metabolic suppression activity of linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showing reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. J Microbiol Biotechnol. Jul;19(7):734-42.

73. Hongo I, Baba T, Oishi K, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Phenol-soluble modulin alpha 3 enhances the human neutrophil lysis mediated by Panton-Valentine leukocidin. J Infect Dis. Sep 1;200(5):715-23.

74. Ohtsuka M, Kikuchi K, Shundo K, Okada K, Higashide M, Sunakawa K, Hiramatsu K. 2009. Improved selective isolation of Bordetella pertussis by use of modified cyclodextrin solid medium. J Clin Microbiol. Dec;47(12):4164-7.

75. Hiramatsu K. 2009. Resistance to Glycopeptides. Staphylococci in Human Disease 2nd Edition. Edeted by Kent B. Crossley, Kimberly K. Jefferson, Gordon L. Archer, Vance G. Fowler Jr. Wiley-Blackwell (A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication) p193-209.

76. Sasaki T, Tsubakishita S, Tanaka Y, Sakusabe A, Ohtsuka M, Hirotaki S, Kawakami T, Fukata T, Hiramatsu K. 2010. Multiplex-PCR method for species identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Mar;48(3):765-9.

77. Tsubakishita S, Kuwahara-Arai K, Baba T, Hiramatsu K. 2010. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec-like element in Macrococcus caseolyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Apr;54(4):1469-75.

Takashi Aoki

1. Aoki T (2003) Metabolism of parasitic protozoa. In: Progress of Medical Parasitology in Japan, Vol. 7, edited by M Otsuru et al. Chapter III. Megro Parasitological Museum, Tokyo, pp.175-191

2. Asaruddin MR, Honda G, Tsubouchi A, Nakajima-Shimada J, Aoki T, Kiuchi F (2003) Trypanocidal constituents from Michelia alba. Natural Medicines, 57, 61-63

3. Takamiya S, Yamasaki H, Hashimoto M, Taka H, Murayama K, Tagaya M, Aoki T (2003) Heterologous expression of Ascaris suum cytochrome b5 precursor protein: a histidine-tagged full-length presequence is correctly processed to transport the mature protein to the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys, 413, 253-261

4. Amino H, Osanai A, Miyadera H, Shinjyo N, Tomitsuka E, Taka H, Mineki R, Murayama K, Takamiya S, Aoki T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Kojima S, Kita K (2003) Isolation and characterization of the stage-specific cytochrome b small subunit (CybS) of Ascaris suum complex II from the aerobic respiratory chain of larval mitochondria. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 128, 175-186.

5. Nara T, Hirayama-Noguchi Y, Gao G, Murai E, Annoura T, Aoki T (2003) Diversity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase genes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Parasitol, 33, 845-852

6. Miyahira Y, Katae M, Takeda K, Yagita H, Okumura K, Kobayashi S, Takeuchi T, Kamiyama T, Fukuchi Y, Aoki T (2003) Activation of natural killer T cells by ¦Á-galactosylceramide impairs DNA vaccine-induced protective immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect Immun, 71, 1234-1241

7. Miyahira Y, Katae M, Kobayashi S, Takeuchi T, Fukuchi Y, Abe R, Okumura K, Yagita H, Aoki T (2003) Critical contribution of CD28-CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway to protection from Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infect Immun, 71, 3131-3137

Miyahira Y, Akiba H, Katae M, Kubota K, Kobayashi S, Takeuchi T, Garcia-Sastre A, Fukuchi Y, Okumura K, Yagita H, Aoki T (2003)Cutting edge: a potent adjuvant effect of ligand to receptor activator of NF-kappa B gene for inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response by DNA and viral vector vaccination. J Immunol, 171, 6344-6348

Hirota K, Tsubouchi A, N.-Shimada J,NaraT, Aoki T (2004)Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi growth in mammalian cells by nimodipine, with low cytotoxicity to host cells. Trop Med Health, 32, 181-188

Annoura T, Nara T, Makiuchi T, Hashimoto T, Aoki T (2004)The origin of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase genes of kinetoplastids, with special reference to their biological significance and adaptation to anaerobic, parasitic conditions. J Mol Evol, 59, 1-15

Shigaku Ikeda

1. Ikeda S, Kawada J, Yaguchi H, Ogawa H: A case of unilateral, systematized linear hair follicle nevi associated with epidermal nevus-like lesions. Dermatology, 206: 172-4, 2003

2. Ikeda S, Imamura S, Hashimoto I, Morioka S, Sakuma M, Ogawa H: History of the establishment and revision of diagnostic criteria, severity index and therapeutic guidelines for pemphigus in Japan. Arch Dermatol Res, 295: S12-6, 2003

3. Tamai K, Hashimoto I, Hanada K, Ikeda S, Imamura S, Ogawa H: Japanese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of junctional and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Arch Dermatol Res, 295: S24-8, 2003

4. Umezawa Y, Ozawa A, Kawasima T, Shimizu H, Terui T, Tagami H, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Kawada A, Tezuka T, Igarashi A, Harada S: Therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) based on a proposed classification of disease severity. Arch Dermatol Res, 295: S43-54, 2003

5. Ikeda S, Komiyama E, Ogawa H: The prognosis of pemphigus patients will be significantly improved in the future. Arch Dermatol Res, 295: S69-70, 2003

6. Muramatsu S, Kimura T, Ueki R, Tsuboi R, Ikeda S, Ogawa H: Recurrent E413K Mutation of hHb6 in a Japanese Family with Monilethrix. Dermatology, 206: 338-40, 2003

7. Aronchik I, Behne MJ, Leypoldt L, Crumrine D, Epstein Jr EH, Ikeda S, Mizoguchi M, Bench G, Pozzan T, Mauro T: Actin Reorganization is Abnormal in Hailey-Hailey Disease Keratinocytes, Due to Decreases in Cellular ATP. J Invest Dermatol, 121: 681-7, 2003.

8. Ikeda S, Mayuzumi N, Shigihara T, Epstein Jr EH, Goldsmith LA, Ogawa H: Mutations in ATP2A2 in Patients with Darier¡Çs Disease. J Invest Dermatol, 121: 475-7, 2003.

9. Wongpiyabovorn J, Suto H, Ushio H, Izuhara K, Mitsuishi K, Ikeda S, Nakao A, Okumura K, Ogawa H: Up-regulation of interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 on human keratinocytes in the skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci. 33: 31-40, 2003.

10. Hasegawa T, Suga Y, Mizoguchi M, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Kubo K, Matsui H, Kagawa S, Kuroyanagi Y: Clinical tryal of allogeneic cultured dermal substitute for the treatment of intractable skin ulcers in three patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2004, in press.

Ko Okumura

1. Akizawa, Y., C. Nishiyama, M. Hasegawa, K. Maeda, T. Nakahata, K. Okumura, C. Ra, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Regulation of human FcepsilonRI beta chain gene expression by Oct-1. Int Immunol 15:549-556.

2. Aramaki, O., N. Shirasugi, Y. Akiyama, S. Shibutani, T. Takayama, M. Shimazu, M. Kitajima, Y. Ikeda, K. Okumura, H. Yagita, and M. Niimi. 2003. CD27/CD70, CD134/CD134 ligand, and CD30/CD153 pathways are independently essential for generation of regulatory cells after intratracheal delivery of alloantigen. Transplantation 76:772-776.

3. Dan, N., T. Kanai, T. Totsuka, R. Iiyama, M. Yamazaki, T. Sawada, T. Miyata, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and M. Watanabe. 2003. Ameliorating effect of anti-Fas ligand MAb on wasting disease in murine model of chronic colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285:G754-760.

4. Funaki, T., A. Nakao, N. Ebihara, Y. Setoguchi, Y. Fukuchi, K. Okumura, C. Ra, H. Ogawa, and A. Kanai. 2003. Smad7 suppresses the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta2 on corneal endothelial cell proliferation and accelerates corneal endothelial wound closure in vitro. Cornea 22:153-159.

5. Hasegawa, M., C. Nishiyama, M. Nishiyama, Y. Akizawa, K. Mitsuishi, T. Ito, H. Kawada, S. Furukawa, C. Ra, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. A novel -66T/C polymorphism in Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain promoter affecting the transcription activity: possible relationship to allergic diseases. J Immunol 171:1927-1933.

6. Hasegawa, M., C. Nishiyama, M. Nishiyama, Y. Akizawa, K. Takahashi, T. Ito, S. Furukawa, C. Ra, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Regulation of the human Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain distal promoter. J Immunol 170:3732-3738.

7. Hoshino, A., Y. Tanaka, H. Akiba, Y. Asakura, Y. Mita, T. Sakurai, A. Takaoka, S. Nakaike, N. Ishii, K. Sugamura, H. Yagita, and K. Okumura. 2003. Critical role for OX40 ligand in the development of pathogenic Th2 cells in a murine model of asthma. Eur J Immunol 33:861-869.

8. Iwai, H., M. Abe, S. Hirose, F. Tsushima, K. Tezuka, H. Akiba, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, H. Kohsaka, N. Miyasaka, and M. Azuma. 2003. Involvement of inducible costimulator-B7 homologous protein costimulatory pathway in murine lupus nephritis. J Immunol 171:2848-2854.

9. Kanai, T., T. Totsuka, K. Uraushihara, S. Makita, T. Nakamura, K. Koganei, T. Fukushima, H. Akiba, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, U. Machida, H. Iwai, M. Azuma, L. Chen, and M. Watanabe. 2003. Blockade of B7-H1 suppresses the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. J Immunol 171:4156-4163.

10. Kanamaru, Y., A. Nakao, Y. Tanaka, Y. Inagaki, H. Ushio, I. Shirato, S. Horikoshi, K. Okumura, H. Ogawa, and Y. Tomino. 2003. Involvement of p300 in TGF-beta/Smad-pathway-mediated alpha2(I) collagen expression in mouse mesangial cells. Nephron Exp Nephrol 95:e36-42.

11. Kirii, Y., T. Inoue, K. Yoshino, N. Kayagaki, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, H. Shibata, Y. Yoshikawa, and K. Terao. 2003. Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cynomolgus monkey Fas ligand. J Immunol Methods 278:201-209.

12. Maeda, K., C. Nishiyama, T. Tokura, Y. Akizawa, M. Nishiyama, H. Ogawa, K. Okumura, and C. Ra. 2003. Regulation of cell type-specific mouse Fc epsilon RI beta-chain gene expression by GATA-1 via four GATA motifs in the promoter. J Immunol 170:334-340.

13. Miura, Y., N. Misawa, Y. Kawano, H. Okada, Y. Inagaki, N. Yamamoto, M. Ito, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, H. Mizusawa, and Y. Koyanagi. 2003. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces neuronal death in a murine model of HIV central nervous system infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:2777-2782.

14. Miyahira, Y., H. Akiba, M. Katae, K. Kubota, S. Kobayashi, T. Takeuchi, A. Garcia-Sastre, Y. Fukuchi, K. Okumura, H. Yagita, and T. Aoki. 2003. Cutting edge: a potent adjuvant effect of ligand to receptor activator of NF-kappa B gene for inducing antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response by DNA and viral vector vaccination. J Immunol 171:6344-6348.

15. Miyahira, Y., H. Akiba, S.H. Ogawa, T. Ishi, S. Watanabe, S. Kobayashi, T. Takeuchi, T. Aoki, K. Tezuka, R. Abe, K. Okumura, H. Yagita, and N. Watanabe. 2003. Involvement of ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway in the regulation of immune responses to Leishmania major and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections. Immunol Lett 89:193-199.

16. Miyahira, Y., M. Katae, S. Kobayashi, T. Takeuchi, Y. Fukuchi, R. Abe, K. Okumura, H. Yagita, and T. Aoki. 2003. Critical contribution of CD28-CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway to protection from Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infect Immun 71:3131-3137.

17. Miyahira, Y., M. Katae, K. Takeda, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, S. Kobayashi, T. Takeuchi, T. Kamiyama, Y. Fukuchi, and T. Aoki. 2003. Activation of natural killer T cells by alpha-galactosylceramide impairs DNA vaccine-induced protective immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect Immun 71:1234-1241.

18. Muto, T., S.D. Hsieh, Y. Sakurai, H. Yoshinaga, H. Suto, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Japanese adults. Br J Dermatol 148:117-121.

19. Nakayama, M., N. Harada, K. Okumura, and H. Yagita. 2003. Characterization of murine TWEAK and its receptor (Fn14) by monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 306:819-825.

20. Nakayama, M., K. Ishidoh, Y. Kojima, N. Harada, E. Kominami, K. Okumura, and H. Yagita. 2003. Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 mediates multiple pathways of TWEAK-induced cell death. J Immunol 170:341-348.

21. Nishiyama, C., T. Yokota, M. Nishiyama, C. Ra, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Molecular cloning of rat transcription factor YY1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67:654-658.

22. Okazaki, T., S. Sakon, T. Sasazuki, H. Sakurai, T. Doi, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and H. Nakano. 2003. Phosphorylation of serine 276 is essential for p65 NF-kappaB subunit-dependent cellular responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300:807-812.

23. Sakon, S., X. Xue, M. Takekawa, T. Sasazuki, T. Okazaki, Y. Kojima, J.H. Piao, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, T. Doi, and H. Nakano. 2003. NF-kappaB inhibits TNF-induced accumulation of ROS that mediate prolonged MAPK activation and necrotic cell death. Embo J 22:3898-3909.

24. Shirasugi, N., Y. Akiyama, O. Aramaki, S. Shibutani, K. Matsumoto, H. Bashuda, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, Y. Ikeda, and M. Niimi. 2003. Role of the CTLA4 pathway in hyporesponsiveness induced by intratracheal delivery of alloantigen. Transplantation 75:1636-1639.

25. Sumiyoshi, K., A. Nakao, Y. Setoguchi, K. Okumura, R. Tsuboi, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Smads regulate collagen gel contraction by human dermal fibroblasts. Br J Dermatol 149:464-470.

26. Sumiyoshi, K., A. Nakao, Y. Setoguchi, R. Tsuboi, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. TGF-beta/Smad signaling inhibits IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha-induced TARC (CCL17) production in HaCaT cells. J Dermatol Sci 31:53-58.

27. Tajima, A., T. Tanaka, T. Ebata, K. Takeda, A. Kawasaki, J.M. Kelly, P.K. Darcy, R.E. Vance, D.H. Raulet, K. Kinoshita, K. Okumura, M.J. Smyth, and H. Yagita. 2003. Blastocyst MHC, a putative murine homologue of HLA-G, protects TAP-deficient tumor cells from natural killer cell-mediated rejection in vivo. J Immunol 171:1715-1721.

28. Totsuka, T., T. Kanai, K. Uraushihara, R. Iiyama, M. Yamazaki, H. Akiba, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and M. Watanabe. 2003. Therapeutic effect of anti-OX40L and anti-TNF-alpha MAbs in a murine model of chronic colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284:G595-603.

29. Totsuka, T., T. Kanai, R. Iiyama, K. Uraushihara, M. Yamazaki, R. Okamoto, T. Hibi, K. Tezuka, M. Azuma, H. Akiba, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and M. Watanabe. 2003. Ameliorating effect of anti-inducible costimulator monoclonal antibody in a murine model of chronic colitis. Gastroenterology 124:410-421.

30. Tsuji, H., S. Kawaguchi, T. Wada, S. Nagoya, M. Inobe, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, T. Yamashita, and T. Uede. 2003. Concurrent induction of T-cell activation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by adenovirus-mediated B7-1/Fas chimeric gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther 10:717-725.

31. Tsushima, F., H. Iwai, N. Otsuki, M. Abe, S. Hirose, T. Yamazaki, H. Akiba, H. Yagita, Y. Takahashi, K. Omura, K. Okumura, and M. Azuma. 2003. Preferential contribution of B7-H1 to programmed death-1-mediated regulation of hapten-specific allergic inflammatory responses. Eur J Immunol 33:2773-2782.

32. Uno, K., T. Inukai, N. Kayagaki, K. Goi, H. Sato, A. Nemoto, K. Takahashi, K. Kagami, N. Yamaguchi, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, T. Koyama-Okazaki, T. Suzuki, K. Sugita, and S. Nakazawa. 2003. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) frequently induces apoptosis in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia cells. Blood 101:3658-3667.

33. Warnnissorn, P., A. Nakao, H. Suto, H. Ushio, N. Yamaguchi, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 148:829-831.

34. Wongpiyabovorn, J., H. Suto, H. Ushio, K. Izuhara, K. Mitsuishi, S. Ikeda, A. Nakao, K. Okumura, and H. Ogawa. 2003. Up-regulation of interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 on human keratinocytes in the skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 33:31-40.

35. Yoshimoto, T., B. Min, T. Sugimoto, N. Hayashi, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Sasaki, H. Hata, K. Takeda, K. Okumura, L. Van Kaer, W.E. Paul, and K. Nakanishi. 2003. Nonredundant roles for CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells and conventional CD4+ T cells in the induction of immunoglobulin E antibodies in response to interleukin 18 treatment of mice. J Exp Med 197:997-1005.

Isao Nagaoka

1. TsuTsumi-Ishii Y, Nagaoka I: Modulation of human ¦Â-defensin-2 (hBD-2) transcription in pulmonary epithelial cells by LPS-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes via pro-inflammatory cytokine production. J Immunol 170: 4226-4236, 2003

2. Ohwada A, Yoshioka Y, Iwabuchi K, Nagaoka I, Dambara T, Fukuchi Y.: VEGF regulates the proliferation of acid-exposed alveolar lining epithelial cells. Thorax 58: 328-332, 2003

3. Ohwada A, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Yoshioka Y, Iwabuchi K, Nagaoka I, Fukuchi Y.: Acid exposure potentiates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and e-cadherin expression on A549 alveolar lining epithelial cells. Exp. Lung Res. 29: 389-400, 2003

4. Enomoto F, Kin R, Kataoka T, Yamazaki Y, Yokoi H, Fujimori M, Nagaoka I, Ichikawa G.: Modulation of neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in rat experimental otitis media treated with a macrolide. Auris Nasus Larynx. 30: 247-51, 2003

5. Niyonsaba F, Hirata M, Ogawa H, Nagaoka I: Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human ¦Â-defensins and cathelicidin-multifunctional activities on mast cells. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2: 224-231, 2003

Sachiko Hirose

1. Kobayashi M, Kimura H, Liao J, Abe M, Hirose S, Tomino Y. Measurement of mouse urinary typeIV collagen using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Anal Science, 19:205-210, 2003

2. Nakamura K, Xiu Y, Ohtsuji M, Sugita G, Abe M, Ohtsuji N, Hamano Y, Jiang Y, Takahashi N, Shirai T, Nishimura H, Hirose S. Genetic dissection of anxiety in autoimmune disease. Hum Mol Genet, 12:1079-1086, 2003

3. Fujimura S, Kuwahara K, Ezaki T, Tomita K, Hirose S, Sakaguchi N. Spontaneous increase of plasma-like cells with high GAMP expression in the extrafollicular region of lymphoid organs of autoimmune-prone mice. Autoimmunity, 20:291-301, 2003

4. Matsuoka S, Tsurui H, Abe M, Terashima K, Nakamura K, Hamano Y, Ohtsuji M, Honma N, Serizawa I, Ishii Y, Takiguchi M. Hirose S, Shirai T. A monoclonal antibody to the ¦Á2 domain of murine major histocompatibility complex class I that specifically kills activated lymphocytes and blocks liver damage in the concanavalin A hepatitis model. J Exp Med, 198:497-503, 2003

5. Iwai H, Abe M, Hirose S, Tsushima F, Tezuka K, Akiba H, Yagita H, Okumura K, Miyasaka N, Azuma M. Involvement of inducible costimulator-B7 homologous protein costimulatory pathway in murine lupus nephritis. J Immunol, 171:2848-2854, 2003

6. Tsushima F, Iwai H, Otsuki N, Abe M, Hirose S, Yamazaki T, Akiba H, Yagita H, Takahashi Y, Omura K, Okumura K, Azuma M: Preferential contribution of B7-H1 to programmed death¡½1mediated regulation of hapten-specific allergic inflammatory responses. Eur J Immunl, 33:2773-2782, 2003

7. Li N, Nakamura K, Jiang Y, Tsurui H, Matsuoka S, Abe M, Ohtsuji M, Nishimura H, Kato K, Kawai T, Atsumi T, Koike T, Shirai T, Ueno H, Hirose S: Gain-of-function polymorphism in mouse and human Ltk: implications for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Mol Genet, 13:171-179, 2004

8. Wen X, Zhang D, Kikuchi Y, Jiang Y, Nakamura K, Xiu Y, Tsurui H, Takahashi K, Abe M, Ohtsuji M, Nishimura H, Takatsu K, Shirai T, Hirose S: Transgene-mediated hyper-expression of IL-5 inhibits autoimmune disease, but increases the risk of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a model of murine lupus. Eur J Immunol, 34:2740-2749, 2004.

9. Zhang D, Fujio K, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Tada N, Sudo K, Tsurui H, Nakamura K, Yamamoto K, Nishimura H, Shirai T, Hirose S: Dissection of the role of MHC class II A and E genes in autoimmune susceptibility in murine lupus models with intragenic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101:13838-13843, 2004.

10. Miyai K, Furugen Y, Matsumoto T, Iwabuchi K, Hirose S, Kinoshita K, Fujii H: Loss of heterozygosity analysis in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol, 94:115-20, 2004

11. Takahashi F, Tsuta K, Matsuno Y, Takahashi K, Sato K, Uekusa T, Izumi H, Nakamura K, Hirose S, Fukuchi Y. Adenocarcinoma of the thymus: mucous subtype. Human Pathol. In press.

1. Katahira J, Hasegawa H, Shibarta Y, Kikuchi K, Watanabe T, Totsuka K, Shimizu K: The effect of macrolides on the proliferation of hemopoietic progenitor cells. Int J Exp Clin Chemother 3: 10-18, 1990

2. Kikuchi K, Enari T, Minami S, Haruki K, Shibata Y, Hasegawa H, Katahira J, Totsuka K, Shimizu K: Postantibiotic effects and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of benzylpenicillin on viridans streptococci isolated from infective endocarditis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 34: 687-696, 1994

3. Kikuchi K, Enari T, Totsuka K, Shimizu K: Comparison of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization results,and results with a commercial rapid biochemical and enzymatic reaction system for identification of viridans group streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1215-1222, 1995

4. Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Shimizu K, Ishii T, Yoshida T, Orikasa Y: Effects of combination of benzylpenicillin and fosfomycin on penicillin- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Drug Resist 1: 185-189, 1995

5. Sadownik A, Deng G, Janout V, Regen SL, Bernard EM, Kikuchi K, Armstrong D: Rapid construction of a squalamine mimic. J Am Chem Soc 117: 6138-6139, 1995

6. Kikuchi K*, De Lencastre H, Eagan J, Boone N, Bernard N, Armstrong D, Tomasz A: Double inhibition zone phenomenon in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Clin Infect Dis 23: 894, 1996

7. Kikuchi K*, Bernard EM, Sadownik A, Regen SL, Armstrong D: Antimicrobial activities of squalamine mimics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 1433-1438, 1997

8. Ochiai K, Kikuchi K, Gukushima K, Kurita-Ochiai T: Co-aggregation as a virulent factor of Streptococcus sanguis isolated from infective endocarditis. J Oral Science 41: 117-122, 1999

9. Totsuka K, Shiseki M, Kikuchi K, Matsui Y: Combined effects of vancomycin and imipenem against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 44: 455-460, 1999

10. Aires de Sousa M, De Lencastre H, Santos-Sanches I, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Tomasz A: Similarity of antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular typing properties of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates widely spread in hospitals in New York City and in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Microb Drug Resist 6: 221-226, 2000

11. Shiseki M, Hidai H, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K: Genotypic similarities among the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from stools, the respiratory tract and other sites in 20 patients. J Hosp Infect 45: 244-248, 2000

12. Chung M, De Lencastre H, Matthews P, Tomasz A, Adamsson I, Aires de Sousa M, Camou T, Cocuzza C,Corso A, Couto I, Dominguez A, Gniadkowski M, Goering R, Gomes A, Kikuchi K, Marchese A, Mato R, Melter O, Oliveira D, Palacio R, Sa-Leao R, Sanches IS, Song JH, Tassios PT, Villari P: Molecular typing of methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: comparison of results obtained in a multilaboratory effort using identical protocols and MRSA strains. Microb Drug Resist 6: 189-198, 2000

13. Sanches IS, Mato R, De Lencastre H, Tomasz A, Nunes S, Alves CR, Miragaia M, Carrico J, Couto I, Bonfilm I, Aires de Sousa M, Oliveira D, Gomes A, Vaz M, Fernandes S, Verde SC, Avila S, Antunes F, Sa-Laeao R, Almeida J, Melter O, Chung M, Jia F, Kikuchi K, Konkoly-Thege M, Kristinsson KG, Linares J, Rossi A, Savov EZ,Schindler J, Solorzano-Santos F, Totsuka K, Venditti M, Villari P, Westh H, Wu JS, Zanella RC: Patterns of multidrug resistance among methicillin-resistant hospital isolates of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci collected in the international multicenter study RESIST in 1997 and 1998. Microb Drug Resist 6: 199-211, 2000

14. Uehara Y, Kikuchi K, Nakamura T, Nakama H, Agematsu K, Kawakami Y, Maruchi N, Totsuka K: Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns by viridans group streptococci. Clin Infect Dis 32: 1399-1407, 2001

15. Uehara Y, Kikuchi K, Nakamura T, Nakama H, Agematsu K, Kawakami Y, Maruchi N, Totsuka K: H2O2 produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavity of newborns. Clin Infect Dis 32: 1408-1413, 2001

16. Kawabata S, Kunitomo E, Terao Y, Nakagawa I, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Hamada S: Systemic and mucosal immunizations with fibronectin-binding protein FBP54 induce protective immune response against Streptococcus pyogenes challenge in mice. Infect Immun 69: 924-930, 2001

17. Takeda N, Kikuchi K. Asano R, Harada T, Totsuka K, Sumiyoshi T, Uchiyama T, Hosoda S: Recurrent septicemia caused by Streptococcus canis after a dog bite. Scand J Infect Dis 33: 927-928, 2001

18. Matsumoto N, Shiraga H, Takahashi K, Kikuchi K, Ito K: Successful treatment of Aspergillus peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient. Pediatr Nephrol 17: 243-245, 2002

19. Murakami J, Kawabarta S, Terao Y, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Tamaru A, Katsukawa C, Moriya K, Nakagawa I, Morisaki I, Hamada S: Distribution of emm genotype and superantigen genes of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Japan, 1994-9. Epidemiol Infect 128 397-404, 2002

20. Matsuda Y, Kato H, Yamada R, Okano H, Ohta H, Imanishi K, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Uchiyama T: Early diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome by detection of T-cell-receptor V¦Â2-positive T cells. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 387-389, 2003

21. Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Zhao J, Kato H, Kikuchi K, Totsuka K, Kataoka Y, Katsumi M. Uchiyama T: Streptococcus dysgalactiae-derived mitogen (SDM), a novel bacterial superantigen: characterization of its biological activity and predicted tertiary structure. Mol Microbiol 47:1589-1599, 2003

22. Kamei K, Sano A, Kikuchi K, Makimura K, Niimi M, Suzuki K, Uehara Y, Okabe N, Nishimura K, Miyaji M: The trend of imported mycoses in Japan. J Infect Chemother 9: 16-20, 2003

23. Yamaura H, Araki K, Kikuchi K, Itoda I, Totsuka K, Kobayakawa T: Evaluation of dot-ELISA for serological diagnosis of amebiasis. J Infect Chemother 9: 25-29, 2003

24. Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Zhao J, Kikuchi K, Kato H, Suzuki R, Endoh M, Uchiyama T: Quantitative and qualitative comparison of virulence traits, including murine lethality, among different M types of group A streptococci. J Infect Dis 187: 1876-1887, 2003

25. Kikuchi K*, Takahashi N, Piao C, Totsuka K, Nishida H, Uchiyama T: Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains causing neonatal toxic syndrome-like exanthematous disease (NTED)¡¡in neonatal and perinatal wards. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3001-3006, 2003

26. Mudany MA, Kikuchi K*, Totsuka K, Uchiyama T: Evaluation of a new serotyping kit for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 52: 975-980, 2003

27. Kikuchi K*, Karasawa T. Piao C, Itoda I, Hidai H, Yamaura H, Totsuka K, Morikawa T, Takayama M: Molecular confirmation of transmission route of Staphylococcus intermedius in mastoid cavity infection from dog saliva. J Infect Chemother 10: 46-48, 2004

28. Ikeda Y, Ohara-Memoto Y, Kimura S, Ishibashi K, Kikuchi K: PCR-based identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis targeting gseA encoding the glutamic acid-specific protease. Can J Microbiol 50: 493-498, 2004

29. Sugita T, Kikuchi K, Makimura K, Urata K, Someya T, Kamei K, Nimi M, Uehara Y: Trichosporon species isolated from guano samples obtained from bat-inhibited caves in Japan. Appl Environm Microbiol 71: 7626-7629, 2005

30. Shimokawa O, Niimi M, Kikuchi K, Saito M, Kajiwara H, Yoshida S: Relationship between MIC and minimum sterol 14¦Á-demethylation-inhibitory concentration as a factor in evaluating activities of azoles against various fungal species. J Clin Microbiol 43: 5547-5549, 2005

31. Piao C, Karasawa T, Totsuka K, Uchiyama T, Kikuchi K*: Prospective surveillance of community-onset and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a university-affiliated hospital in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 49: 959-970, 2005

32. Aikawa N, Fujishima S, Endo S, Sekine I, Kogawa K, Yamamoto Y, Kushimoto S, Yukioka H, Kato N, Totsuka K, Kikuchi K, Ikeda T, Ikeda K, Harada K, Satomura S: Multicenter prospective study of procalcitonin as an indicator of sepsis. J Infect Chemother 11: 152-159, 2005

33. Durand G, Bes M, Meugnier H, Enright MC, Forey F, Liassine N, Wenger A, Kikuchi K, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Etienne J: Detection of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones containing the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections in France. J Clin Microbiol 44: 847-853, 2006.

34. Haruta I, Hashimoto E, Kato Y, Kikuchi K, Kato H, Yagi J, Uchiyama T, Kobayashi M, Shiratori K: Lipoteichoic acid may affect the pathogenesis of bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmunity 39:129-135, 2006.

35. Uehara Y, Agematsu K, Kikuchi K, Matsuzaki S. Imai S, Takamoto M, Sugane K, Sugiura T, Konishi Y, Yoshino N, Takeuchi S, Seo H, Kuramoto S, Sugai M: Secretory IgA, peroxidase, and catalase-mediated microbicidal activity during H2O2 catabolism in viridans streptococci-pathogen co-aggregation. J Infect Dis 196: 98-107, 2006.

36. Shin N, Sugawara Y, Tsukada K, Tamura S, Akamatsu N, Okugawa S, Koike K, Kikuchi K, Makuuchi M. Successful treatment of disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection in a living-donor liver transplantation recipient. Transplant Infect Dis 8: 222-225, 2006

37. Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1118-1125, 2007

38. Tomita T, Ohara-Nemoto Y, Moriyama H, Ozawa A, Takeda Y, Kikuchi K. A novel in vitro pharmacokinetic model to simulate serum drug concentration-time profiles. Microbiol Immunol 51: 567-575, 2007

39. Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. Reclassification of phenotypically-identified Staphylococcus intermedius strains. J Clin Microbiol 45: 2770-2778, 2007

40. Haruta I, Kikuchi K, Hashimoto E, Kato H, Hirota K, Kobayashi M, Miyake Y, Uchiyama T, Yagi J, Shiratori K. A possible role of histone-like DNA-binding protein of Streptococcus intermedius in the pathogenesis of bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Immunol 127: 245-251, 2008.

41. Endo S, Aikawa N, Fujishima Fujishima S, Sekine I, Kogawa K, Yamamoto Y, Kushimoto S, Yukioka H, Kato N, Totsuka K, Kikuchi K, Ikeda T, Ikeda K, Yamada H, Harada K, Satomura S: Usefulness of procalcitonin serum level for the discrimination of severe sepsis from sepsis: a multicenter prospective study. J Infect Chemother 14: 244-249, 2008

42. Hoshi S, Kikuchi K, Sasaki T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hiramatsu K. Postantibiotic effects and bactericidal activities of levofloxacin and gatifloxacin at concentrations simulating those of topical ophthalmic administration against fluoroquinolone-resistant and fluoroquinolone-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 2970-2973, 2008 (doi:10.1128/AAC.01466-07)

43. Kikuchi K, Sugita T, Makimura K, Urata K, Someya T, Sasaki T, Kamei K, Niimi M, Hiramatsu K, Uehara Y. Is Histoplasma capsulatum a native inhabitant of Japan? Microbiol Immunol 52: 2008 in press.

44. Shimizu K, Kikuchi K, Sasaki T, Takahashi N, Ohtsuka M, Ono Y, Hiramatsu K. Smqnr, a new chromosome-encoded quinolone resistance gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 2008 e-published.

DICS is a course to produce specialists in infection cotnrol science. The four year education is comprehensive from basic science to practical training. The admission is not limited to medical doctors, but also nurses, pharmacists, clinical laboratory technicians, and even architects who learns safe hospital designing. The course is flexible depending on the students' back ground.

Admission requirements:
A person who has completed master's degree, or a person who has been recognized as having abilities equivalent to a master degree holders. Medical doctor certificate is not required.

Abbreviation:
A person who has completed a graduate school in basic science, or a person who has been recognized as having abilities equivalent to above may abbreviate the course. The qualification for abbreviation is decided by individual counseling between the lecturer and student. Completing the course in three years is possible.

Curriculum Outline:
Doctor of Infection Control Science (DICS) course is related to Diploma in Hospital Infection Control (DipHIC) in UK. DICS course consists of four components.

Component 1
All students are required to study basic science and publish paper (s). The research field can be chosen from; bacteriology, parasitology, biochemistry, immunology, and pathology. Students take average of two years to complete the experiment and the paper is appeared on a journal in their third year of the course.

Component 2
To acquire the standard knowledge for ICS, the department provide mini courses for the following field; bacteriology, immunology, biochemistry, study of infectious diseases, chemotherapy, epidemiology, statistics, research method, management method, computer science and presentation, and English education by British Council.

Component 3
This component is the practical education for DICS. This course includes 5 topics.

1 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
- Mechanism of the antibiotic resistance
- Monitoring of the antibiotic resistance
- Guidelines for the antibiotic resistance and its inspection
- Antibiotic resistance update

2 surveillance and epidemiology
- Surveillance standard
- Typing method
- Field serveillance
- Molecular typing

3 Sterilization
- Medical equipment
- Skin and mucous membrane

4 Hospital hygines
- Ventilation
- Environment sampling and evaluation
- Environment cleaning
- Infectious insects and animals and their exteermination
- laundry
- General wastes and infectious wastes

5 Others
- Clinical trials, Investigation and Observation
- Hospital management, cost for ICS
- Infections at ICU
- Vaccination and co-medical infections

Component 4
Students work as a member of Infection Control Team at Juntendo University Hospital and learn the practical training. Students attend the infection control consultation to learn the diagnosis, treatment planning, and chose of antibiotics. Students are expected to submit several reflective portfolios.

Studying the technique of identification and colony isolation of infectious strains at hospital clinical laboratory is also including in this component.

Those who decide to continue basic science research are not required to go on the practical training component. Those students may design their own hospital training course for the short period.

Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine established "Department of Infection Control Science (ICS)" in 2004, under the support of COE program. The aim of the ICS is to create the Infection Control specialist of the Japanese Hospital.

The four year curriculum is unique; the education is assisted in several different fields included in dermatology, pediatrics, pediatrics surgery, plastic surgery, urology, and respiratory medicine from clinical medicine, and bacteriology, immunology, parasitology, public health, biochemistry, and pathology from basic science. British Council covers the English education, since the language skill is highly required for the ICS in 21st Century.